Analysis of male fecundity: For evaluation of male fecundity in natural mating, males were premated with a C57BL/6J female for replacement of old spermatozoa in the epididymides and stimulation of spermatogenesis. This hybrid sterility is likely caused by interallelic incompatibility at a given locus or at several different loci.

QTL analysis revealed a single major region responsible for the reduced testis weight of B6-XMSMY males; this locus is in an interval between DXMit97 and DXMit249 in the distal region of the X chromosome. For each subsequent backcross generation, female progeny with a nonrecombinant X chromosome from the MSM/Ms strain were selected by genotyping of 10 MIT microsatellite markers on the X chromosome; these females were backcrossed to C57BL/6J males. ... A 70/30 indica-dominant cannabis strain developed by DNA Genetics in collaboration with Serious Seeds. The acrosome-reacted sperm were counted under a light microscope by the loss of intense staining on the anterior aspect of the sperm head. The testis weight of the F1 males (66.1 mg ± 13.4, n = 4) was smaller than that of the C57BL/6J, but the spermatogenesis of the F1 males appeared normal (data not shown). The small pieces were fixed with 2% osmium tetroxide, routinely dehydrated, and embedded in Epon 812 (Toshimori and Oura 1993). In this context, it is interesting to note that the shape of spermatozoa varies enormously across and among species. Fertilization rate in the cross with B6-XB6 Y and B6-XMSMY males of the N7-8. The severity of the abnormality increases from type 2 to type 6. The testis weights of the progeny generated from the backcrosses showed a normal distribution ranging from 34.7 to 131.7 mg. Females with copulatory plugs were dissected to collect oocytes and/or embryos from the oviducts on the day after the copulation. (C and D) Spermatogenesis with moderate defects (C) and severe defects (D) was observed in the same B6-X MSM Y males. When a true-breeding plant (organism with identical alleles) that is yellow and round (YYRR) is cross-pollinated with a true-breeding plant with green and wrinkled seeds (yyrr), as in the example above, the resulting F1 generation will all be heterozygous for yellow seed color and round seed shape (YyRr). Morphological analysis of spermatozoa: For morphological analysis, spermatozoa were obtained from cauda epididymides and were observed under a phase contrast microscope. AK-47. This fact may imply that only a modest number of genes on autosomes and/or the Y chromosome, probably two or three, have interactions of major importance to male fecundity with X chromosomal genes. After 8-10 generations of backcrossing (N8-10), all the B6-XMSMY males were completely sterile.

How Do Alleles Determine Traits in Genetics? We focused on these traits for the QTL analyses because they can be treated as quantitative traits, and the traits are likely related to the male sterility. The use of the mouse consomic strains as a model system may shed light on genetic aspects of human infertility. Hybrid breakdown is a type of reproductive failure that appears after the F2 generation of crosses between different species or subspecies.

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